In the world of basketball, few shots are as deceptively simple yet mentally challenging as the free throw. Players stand alone on the line, with no defenders in sight, yet many still miss these seemingly easy points. While most modern players rely on the traditional overhand technique, an alternative method known as the underhanded free throw-or granny shot-has sparked debate for decades. The question remains are underhanded free throws actually better? To answer this, it’s essential to look at the physics, psychology, and history behind this unique shooting form.
The Mechanics Behind the Underhanded Free Throw
The underhanded free throw involves a player holding the basketball with both hands below the waist, swinging it upward in a smooth motion, and releasing it in an arc toward the hoop. Unlike the overhand shot, where the ball is pushed forward with wrist and finger control, the underhanded motion relies on a natural pendulum movement. This smooth and consistent motion can create a more stable and predictable trajectory.
Physically, the underhand technique often produces a higher arc and softer backspin on the ball. This means the basketball has a better chance of dying softly when it hits the rim, increasing the likelihood of bouncing in rather than out. In contrast, overhand shots tend to have more forward spin and a flatter trajectory, which can make misses more severe.
The Science of Accuracy
From a biomechanical standpoint, the underhand free throw reduces variables that can lead to errors. The motion engages larger muscle groups-such as those in the legs and shoulders-rather than relying heavily on wrist flick and finger control. This results in more consistent releases and fewer jerky movements that could throw the ball off course.
Research in sports physics also supports this claim. The higher arc generated by the underhand shot widens the entry angle at which the ball can pass through the hoop. This effectively increases the target area for the shooter. Even a small difference in entry angle can dramatically change the success rate, making the underhand method scientifically favorable in terms of geometry and trajectory.
Historical Examples and Proven Success
Perhaps the most famous advocate of the underhand free throw is Rick Barry, an NBA Hall of Famer known for his incredible accuracy. During his career, Barry shot nearly 90% from the free throw line-an achievement that placed him among the best in basketball history. He famously encouraged other players to adopt the same style, but few ever did, largely due to the stigma associated with its appearance.
Other players, such as Wilt Chamberlain, briefly experimented with the technique. During the 1961-62 season, Chamberlain used the underhand style and even scored 100 points in a single game-a record that still stands today. However, he later abandoned it, reportedly because he felt embarrassed by how it looked. This choice demonstrates that social perception can sometimes outweigh logical performance improvement in professional sports.
Why Players Avoid the Granny Shot
Despite its proven effectiveness, most players refuse to use the underhanded free throw. The main reason is pride and image. The technique has long been viewed as unorthodox or even uncool, especially in the competitive environment of the NBA where reputation matters just as much as skill. The nickname granny shot doesn’t help, as it implies weakness or a lack of athleticism.
For many athletes, maintaining a strong image and confidence on the court is as important as statistical performance. Shooting underhanded may invite mockery from fans and opponents, which can create psychological discomfort that outweighs any mechanical advantage. In this sense, ego and social norms have limited the widespread use of a more efficient technique.
The Psychological Advantage
Interestingly, the underhanded free throw may also offer mental benefits. Because the motion feels more fluid and natural, it reduces the tension that often builds during high-pressure moments. Players who shoot underhanded tend to focus less on mechanics and more on rhythm, allowing for greater consistency during clutch situations.
Psychologists studying sports performance suggest that when a motion becomes fully automatic-what’s known as muscle memory dominance-it can override nervousness. The underhand form’s simplicity and repetitive motion make it easier to automate, potentially helping players perform better under stress.
Could the Technique Make a Comeback?
As modern basketball evolves, data and analytics increasingly influence how players approach shooting. Coaches and analysts now rely heavily on percentages, shot efficiency, and advanced biomechanical feedback. If teams begin prioritizing statistics over style, the underhanded free throw could find its way back into serious consideration.
Some players, such as college athletes or those struggling with poor free throw percentages, have experimented quietly with the method during practice. The results often show improvement, though few dare to use it during games. However, as the stigma fades and more attention turns to analytics-driven strategies, it’s possible that future generations of players will rethink old habits.
Comparing Underhand and Overhand Techniques
- ConsistencyUnderhand shots offer smoother motion with fewer moving parts, while overhand shots depend heavily on precise hand coordination.
- TrajectoryUnderhand throws produce a higher arc and softer landing; overhand shots often have flatter paths.
- Muscle EngagementThe underhand technique uses larger muscle groups, which reduces fatigue and variability.
- Psychological FactorsUnderhand shooters experience less tension and overthinking during high-pressure situations.
- PerceptionThe overhand shot looks more traditional and is favored for its aesthetic appeal.
The Future of Free Throw Techniques
In today’s era of precision analytics and sports science, the underhand free throw deserves renewed attention. If athletes and coaches can overcome the cultural bias surrounding its appearance, they may discover a simple way to boost scoring percentages. For players who struggle at the line-shooting below 60%-the benefits could be career-changing.
However, transformation in professional sports is rarely immediate. Basketball, like many sports, carries traditions that are difficult to break. The technique may find its strongest supporters not among superstars, but among younger players seeking an edge or older ones trying to extend their careers through improved efficiency.
Are Underhanded Free Throws Better?
When viewed purely from a technical and scientific perspective, underhanded free throws are indeed better. They offer greater consistency, a higher arc, and improved control over trajectory. The physics behind them favor accuracy, and history provides clear examples of their success. Yet, the emotional and cultural barriers in basketball often outweigh logic. Players fear ridicule more than missed shots, and as a result, the traditional overhand method remains dominant.
Ultimately, the answer to whether underhanded free throws are better depends on what better means-statistically, yes, they are superior. But in the social and psychological landscape of modern basketball, image still reigns supreme. Until that changes, the underhanded free throw will remain one of the sport’s most effective yet underused techniques-a quiet reminder that sometimes, pride gets in the way of perfection.