Waking up with a small amount of discharge or crust around the eyes is usually normal, but when there is excess rheum in the eyes, it can be uncomfortable, bothersome, and sometimes a sign of an underlying condition. Rheum, commonly referred to as eye mucus or eye discharge, is a mixture of mucus, oil, skin cells, and other debris that collects at the corners of the eyes, especially during sleep. While a little discharge is natural and part of the body’s cleaning system, having too much can point to irritation, infection, or other eye-related problems. Understanding why it happens and how to address it is essential for maintaining good eye health and comfort.
What Is Rheum in the Eyes?
Rheum in the eyes is a normal secretion produced by the mucous membranes of the eyes. During the day, tears and blinking help wash away debris and prevent excessive buildup. At night, when the eyes are closed and blinking stops, secretions accumulate, leading to the small amount of discharge seen in the morning. Excess rheum, however, can be a signal that the eyes are producing more discharge than usual due to irritation, infection, or other causes.
Causes of Excess Rheum in Eyes
There are several reasons why excess eye discharge may occur. Some are harmless, while others may need medical attention.
1. Allergies
Eye allergies caused by dust, pollen, pet dander, or mold can trigger watery eyes, itchiness, and increased discharge. The immune system reacts to allergens by releasing histamines, which can cause swelling and more mucus production.
2. Conjunctivitis
Commonly known as pink eye, conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva. Depending on whether it is viral, bacterial, or allergic, it can cause different types of discharge. Bacterial conjunctivitis often leads to thick yellow or green discharge, while viral conjunctivitis may cause watery mucus.
3. Dry Eyes
Paradoxically, dry eyes can lead to excess mucus production. When the eyes are not properly lubricated, they may overcompensate by producing stringy or sticky mucus, which can collect in the corners of the eyes.
4. Blocked Tear Ducts
If the tear ducts are blocked, tears cannot drain properly. This can result in watery eyes and mucus buildup. In some cases, infections can develop due to trapped fluid, leading to more noticeable discharge.
5. Blepharitis
This condition is an inflammation of the eyelids that can cause redness, irritation, and crusting. People with blepharitis often notice more eye discharge, particularly upon waking.
6. Eye Infections
Beyond conjunctivitis, other infections such as keratitis (inflammation of the cornea) or styes can produce excess rheum. These infections usually come with other symptoms like pain, redness, or swelling.
7. Contact Lens Irritation
Wearing contact lenses for too long or not cleaning them properly can irritate the eyes, causing extra mucus production. Poor lens hygiene can also lead to eye infections.
Symptoms Associated with Excess Rheum
Excess rheum does not appear alone. It is often accompanied by other symptoms that can help identify the underlying cause.
- Redness of the eyes
- Itching or burning sensations
- Blurry vision due to discharge
- Sticky eyelids upon waking
- Excessive tearing
- Pain or discomfort in severe cases
When to Be Concerned
While minor discharge is normal, there are warning signs that suggest a more serious issue requiring medical evaluation
- Thick, yellow or green discharge
- Sudden increase in rheum production
- Accompanying pain or light sensitivity
- Vision changes or loss of clarity
- Discharge lasting for more than a few days without improvement
Home Remedies and Self-Care
For mild cases of excess rheum, simple home care may help relieve discomfort and reduce discharge.
Warm Compresses
Applying a warm compress over the eyes can loosen dried discharge and soothe irritation. It can also help unclog oil glands in the eyelids.
Artificial Tears
Lubricating eye drops, also known as artificial tears, can help keep the eyes moist and reduce mucus buildup, especially in people with dry eyes.
Good Eye Hygiene
Cleaning the eyelids gently with a warm, damp cloth can remove excess discharge. It is also important to avoid touching or rubbing the eyes with dirty hands.
Avoiding Irritants
Minimizing exposure to allergens like dust, smoke, and strong fragrances can prevent flare-ups that lead to excess rheum.
Contact Lens Care
For those who wear contact lenses, practicing proper hygiene and following recommended wearing schedules can reduce irritation and prevent infections that cause discharge.
Medical Treatments
If excess rheum is caused by an infection or chronic condition, medical treatment may be necessary. Common treatments include
- Antibiotic eye drops or ointmentsfor bacterial infections.
- Antiviral medicationsfor viral conjunctivitis or corneal infections.
- Anti-inflammatory dropsto reduce swelling and irritation.
- Allergy eye dropsto block histamine reactions.
- Surgery or proceduresfor blocked tear ducts in severe cases.
Prevention of Excess Rheum in Eyes
Preventing excess eye discharge often involves maintaining overall eye health and reducing exposure to triggers. Some helpful preventive measures include
- Washing hands frequently to prevent infection spread.
- Replacing eye makeup regularly and avoiding sharing cosmetics.
- Using protective eyewear in dusty or windy environments.
- Taking breaks from screens to avoid eye strain and dryness.
- Keeping allergy medications up to date during allergy seasons.
Complications of Untreated Excess Rheum
If excess rheum is ignored, it may lead to complications depending on the cause. Chronic irritation can worsen dry eyes or blepharitis, while untreated infections may damage the cornea and impair vision. In children, untreated blocked tear ducts can increase the risk of recurring infections. Recognizing and managing excess discharge early helps prevent these complications.
Excess rheum in the eyes can range from a mild annoyance to a sign of a more serious eye condition. While some causes are temporary and manageable with home care, others may need professional treatment. Paying attention to symptoms, practicing good eye hygiene, and seeking medical advice when necessary are key steps to maintaining healthy vision and comfort. By understanding what excess eye discharge means and how to handle it, individuals can take proactive measures to protect their eyes and overall well-being.